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PLANT GROWTH
REGULATORS AND PLANT HORMONES
The importance of
plant growth regulators in
plant cell culture is well documented.
Now
GENTAUR offers a wide range of plant growth regulators and plant
hormones.
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LISTING of Gentaur`s offer:
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Read more about plant hormones and their
application:
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Gentaur section
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www.plant-hormones.info
Auxins:
Auxins are generally used in plant cell culture at a concentration range of
0.01-10.0 mg/L. When added in appropriate concentrations they may regulate
cell elongation (if
the concentration becomes higher, elongation of root and shoot is inhibited
due to ethylen production), tissue swelling, cell
division, formation of adventitious roots, inhibition of adventitious and
axillary shoot formation, callus initiation and growth, and induction of
embryogenesis.
Cytokinins:
Cytokinins are generally used in plant cell culture at a concentration range
of 0.1-10.0 mg/L. When added in appropriate concentrations they may regulate
cell division, stimulate auxiliary and adventitious shoot proliferation,
regulate differentiation, inhibit root formation, activate RNA synthesis,
and stimulate protein and enzyme activity.
Apart from DNA replication rate, cytokinins increase
the general rate of RNA and protein synthesis too. They reduce senescence
and stimulate the dark- germination of light-dependent seeds.
Gibberellins:
Gibberellins are generally used to promote flowering, break dormancy of
seeds, buds, corms, and bulbs, and causes stem elongation. There are over 90
forms of gibberellins, but GA3
is the most commonly used form. Compounds like paclobutrazol
and ancymidol inhibit the synthesis of gibberellins. For certain certain
long-day plants or plants requiring vernalization addition of GA3,
causes their flowerig, even without the other necessary extern signals,
stimulating previous elongation of the stem axis. In plants germinating only
in light was it shown that gibberellins are also able to substitute PFR.
Gibberellins (like the best-studied GA3) control the formation
and secretion of hydrolases in grains.
Abscisic Acid:
Abscisic Acid (ABA) plays a role in dormancy development in embryos, buds
and bulbs, and in leaf abscission. When used in tissue culture, ABA inhibits
the growth of shoots and the germination of embryos.
Moreover,
regulating effect of abscisic acid on the water balance was observed. As
soon as cell turgor decreases raises the concentration of ABA. It induces
the stomata to close thus inhibiting further loss of water.
Fluridone may inhibit ABA synthesis.
Ethylene:
Ethylene
promotes maturation and abscission of fruits. In addition, ethylene
regulates senescence and fading of flowers and abscission of petals and
leaves. In most cases, flower formation is inhibited by ethylene. Ethylene
has evolved as the central regulator of cell death programs in plants. AVG
(aminoethoxyvinylglycine) und AOA (aminooxy-acetic acid) are inhibitors of
ethylene biosynthesis.
Polyamines:
Polyamines are compounds that occur in high levels within plants and are
used in tissue culture media at concentrations of 10-1000 mM. Polyamines may
enhance regeneration of roots, shoots and embryos, delay or prevent
senescence, and regulate flowering.
Synthetic Growth hormones and Growth Inhibitors:
Either synthetic components simulating the
effects of phytohormones are used, or inhibitors of biosynthesis of
phytohormones are taken to generate a lack of hormones in the cells. In
agriculture and forestry herbicides are used to stop the growth of unwanted
plants, like of yield-reducing weeds.
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