Pancreatic Polypeptide
Home Up Anti P Acetylated & phosphorylated p63 P73 alpha and beta PACAP Pancreatic Polypeptide Paracellin-1 Parkin & Synuclein Parvalbumin/Oncomodulin PAS3/JAP3 PTX3 and NPX1-2 PHM Per1, Per2 & Per 3 PHEX/PEX Pit-1/GLVR1 & Pit-2 PGHS-1 and 2 Podocin & Podocalyxin Potassium Chloride Cotrans. Pre-pro Orexin Pref-1,FA1, DLK1,ZOG Presenilin-1 Proline Transporter Prostaglandin-endoperox Prostaglandin E Receptor PGT PUMA/JFY1

 

 

 

Neuropeptide Y Family and NPY Receptor Antibodies

 

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neuropeptide colocalized and abundantly released with the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in nervous system, synthesized by postnatal olfactory epithelium of sustentacular cells. It promotes the proliferation of postnatal neuronal precursor cells and exhibits a diverse range of important physiologic activities, including effects on psychomotor activity, food intake, regulation of central endocrine secretion, and potent vasoactive effects on the cardiovascular system.

NPY a 97aa peptide in mouse, human (chr 7p15.1) and 98aa in rat has a mol. wt of 11kD. NPY shows sequence homology to Peptide YY (PYY) and over 50% homology in amino acid and nucleotide sequence to Pancreatic Polypeptide (PNP or PPY), all of these homologous peptides has a 36aa mature peptide characterized by a hairpin loop.

PPY: It was the first identified product (95aa in full) of the dominating endocrine cell type of the duodenal pancreas, this hormone of 36aa mature peptide (human, chr 17q12-q21) seems to be involved in the regulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion and biliary tract motility. Inhibits the secretion of enzymes and bicarbonates from exocrine pancreas.

PYY: Secreted as 97aa precursor from endocrine cells in the lower small intestine, colon, and pancreas. It acts on the gastrointestinal tract as an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying, digestive enzyme secretion by the pancreas, and gut motility.

Each of these proteins is synthesized with a signal peptide sequence followed by a 36-amino acid active peptide and a carboxyterminal peptide. During maturation, the signal and carboxyterminal peptides are cleaved and a common carboxyterminal tyrosine in the mature peptide (36aa) is amidated.

Neuropeptide Y family of peptides signal through a family of G protein-coupled receptors present in the brain and sympathetic neurons. These NPY receptors (Y1-Y6) recognize NPY and related peptides.

NPY1R, a 382aa in mouse, rat and 384aa in human (chr 4q31.3) mainly expressed in brain, heart, kidney and spleen. It is the receptor for Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY.

NPY2R, an integral membrane protein with 385aa in mouse, 417 in rat and 381aa in human (chr 4q31). This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phospatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.

NPY3R/ CXCR4/ LSTR/ Fusin/ Chemokine, a 359aa protein in mouse, rat and 352 in human (chr 2q21), it shows 21% identity to NPY1R, they may help in activation of inflammatory cells.

NPY4R/ PPYR1, a 375aa protein in mouse and human (Chr 10q11.2) is a receptor for NPY and PYY with high affinity to PPY. Highest levels of expression are found in Brain, Coronary artery and Ileum.

NPY5R, a 466aa in mouse, 456aa in rat and 455 in human (chr 4q31-q32), it is the receptor for NPY and PYY. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit Adenylate cyclase activity. Expressed in brain and hypothalamus.

NPY6R, a 371aa protein mouse, the human ortholog contains a premature stop codon, resulting in 290aa protein, which has no receptor function. It is mainly expressed in kidney and discrete regions of hypothalamus. Functions as receptor for NPY and PYY.

 

 Items Antigen/
peptide
location  		 Antibody
Host 		 Expected
Ab
Crossreactivity 		Aff. Pure IgG/Mab
Cat #
100 ug		  * Control Peptide
Cat#
100 ug
NPY M, 9aa, Mature Peptide Rb m, h, r, c NPY11-A NPY11-P
PPY M,14aa,Mature Peptide Rb m, b PPY11-A PPY11-P
PYY M, 9aa, Mature Peptide Rb m, r PYY11-A  PYY11-P
NPY1R (Ab#1) M, 15aa, ~NT  Rb m, h, r NPY1R11-A NPY1R11-P
NPY1R (Ab#2) M, 15aa, ~CT Rb m, h, r, c, p NPY1R12-A NPY1R12-P
 NPY2R (Ab#1)  M, 14aa, Mid-reg  Rb  m, h, r  NPY2R11-A  NPY2R11-P
 NPY2R (Ab#1)  H, 14aa, ~CT  Rb  m, h, r, mk  NPY2R12-A  NPY2R12-P
 NPY3R  H, 16aa, ~CT  Rb  m, h, r, mk  NPY3R11-A  NPY3R11-P
 NPY4R M, 15aa, ~CT Rb  m, h, r, c  NPY4R11-A  NPY4R11-P
 NPY5R (Ab #1)  M, 15aa. ~NT  Rb m, r  NPY5R11-A  NPY5R11-P
 NPY5R (Ab #2)  H, 15aa. ~NT  Rb   h, d, p  NPY5R12-A  NPY5R12-P
 NPY6R (Ab #1)  M, 16aa. ~CT  Rb  m, rb  NPY6R11-A  NPY6R11-P
  NPY6R (Ab #2)  H, 15aa. ~NT  Rb  m, rb, h  NPY6R12-A  NPY6R12-P
 Control Rabbit IgG  For use in ELISA, Western, Immunohisto. 20009-1 (1 mg)  
 Control Sheep IgG  For use in ELISA, Western, Immunohisto. 20009-1 (1 mg)   

m=mouse; r=rat; h=human; b=bovine; c=chicken; d=dog; ~CT or ~NT=near C or N-terminus. EC=Extracellular; CL=Cytoplasmic loop;

* Expected antibody crossreactivity information is mostly based upon high (>70%) sequence conservation of antigenic/control peptides in various species. When antibody crossreactivity has actually been experimentally confirmed in various species, it will be mentioned in the appropriate data sheets.

"Neat Antisera or antisera" are the unpurified antiserum and it is suitable for ELISA and Western.
"Affinity pure" IgG may be more suitable for immunohistochemical (IHC) applications and to reduce background in most immunological applications including ELISA and Western.
"Control peptides" can not be used for Western as they are very short peptides. They are intended for ELISA or antibody blocking studies to establish antibody specificity.
Western blot +ve protein controls, where available, are semi-pure, pure or recombinant proteins that are formulated in SDS-PAGE sample buffer. They are recommended to be used for Western (load 10 ul/lane) for visualization with antibodies.