Cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) enzymes, a superfamily of b-type heme-containing proteins found in organisms from all domains of life, are major catalysts in the oxidative transformation of a diversity of endogenous and exogenous compounds. CYP enzymes play an important role in the metabolic activation of environmental procarcinogens or chemical carcinogenesis, these enzymes are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. The enzyme localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and metabolizes procarcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 17beta-estradiol. Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary congenital glaucoma; therefore it is thought that the enzyme also metabolizes a signaling molecule involved in eye development, possibly a steroid.The CYP enzymes exist is several isoforms, as regards to their conservation of structural characteristics and differences to their electron supplying redox partners.

CYP1B1 (Cytochrome P450 family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1) a 543aa enzyme in mouse, rat and human (chr: 2p22) belongs to a multigene superfamily of monomeric mixed-function monooxygenases, responsible for the phase 1 metabolism of a wide range of structurally diverse substrates by inserting 1 atom of atmospheric oxygen into the substrate molecule, thereby creating a new functional group (e.g., -OH, -NH2, -COOH). This enzyme is involved in an NADH-Dependent electron transport pathway; it oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds and participates in the metabolism of an as-yet unknown biologically active molecule that is a participant in eye development. Cyp1B1 is expressed in many tissues, Defects in Cyp1B1 causes primary congenital Glaucoma, and this recessive disease is characterized by large ocular globes resulting from increased intraocular pressure.

Catalytic activity:
RH + Reduced Flavoprotein + O (2) = ROH + Oxidized Flavoprotein + H (2) O

CYP26A1 (Cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily A, polypeptide 1) a 497aa enzyme in mouse, rat and human (chr 10q23), a distinct composite retinoic acid response element underlies the complex regulation of retinoic acid metabolism. This endoplasmic reticulum protein acts on retinoids, including all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), with both 4-hydroxylation and 18-hydroxylation activities. This enzyme regulates the cellular level of retinoic acid, which is involved in the regulation of gene expression in both embryonic and adult tissues. Highest levels of expression are noticed in adult liver, heart, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, placenta and regions of the brain.

m=mouse; r=rat; h=human; b=bovine; c=chicken; d=dog; ~CT or ~NT=near C or N-terminus. EC=Extracellular; CL=Cytoplasmic loop;

* Expected antibody crossreactivity information is mostly based upon high (>70%) sequence conservation of antigenic/control peptides in various species. When antibody crossreactivity has actually been experimentally confirmed in various species, it will be mentioned in the appropriate data sheets.

"Neat Antisera or antisera" are the unpurified antiserum and it is suitable for ELISA and Western.
"Affinity pure" IgG may be more suitable for immunohistochemical (IHC) applications and to reduce background in most immunological applications including ELISA and Western.
"Control peptides" can not be used for Western as they are very short peptides. They are intended for ELISA or antibody blocking studies to establish antibody specificity.
Western blot +ve protein controls, where available, are semi-pure, pure or recombinant proteins that are formulated in SDS-PAGE sample buffer. They are recommended to be used for Western (load 10 ul/lane) for visualization with antibodies.