BMP4-6 Proteins and Antibodies
 

BMP 7-14 Proteins and Antibodies

M= Mouse; R=Rat; H=Human; Rb=Rabbit; G=goat; B=Bovine, MO=Monkey; P=pig; CT= near C-terminus; NT=near N-terminus; Internal=Middle of protein. EC=extracellular; CP=cytoplasmic domains *


Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) and Cartilage Derived Morphogenetic Protein (CDMP)-General Information

The BMPs belong to the TGF-Beta superfamily, whose members are widely represented throughout the animal kingdom. The BMPs are important regulators of key events in the processes of bone formation during embryogenesis, postnatal growth, remodeling and regeneration of the skeleton. The BMPs function by binding to a receptor complex that is found on all normal cells and is composed of type-I and -II receptors. The primary unit of bone formation is osteoblast, the bone-forming cell. These osteoblast cells respond to physical loading by transducing signals that alter gene expression patterns, and Cbfa (core binding factor), the osteoblast specific transcription factor plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation and function.

BMP activities are modulated through gene expression, protein processing and by interaction with antagonists. The interplay between BMPs and their antagonists such as noggin & chordin governs developmental and cellular processes as diverse as establishment of the embryonic dorsal-ventral axis, induction of neuronal tissue, and formation of joints in the skeletal system and the neurogenesis in the adult brain.

Localization studies in both human and mouse tissues have demonstrated high levels of mRNA expression and protein synthesis for various BMPs in kidney, heart, lung, small intestine, limb bud and teeth. Several BMPs have been implicated in early skeletal development, including BMP-2, -4, -5, -7, -14 (CDMP-1 / GDF-5), other members, such as BMP-3, -6, -7 and -13 (CDMP-2 / GDF-6) may be involved in later stages of skeletal formation.

BMP1 is a shorter spliced variant of mammalian tolloid (mTld) with a 986aa sequence (chr 8p21), both of which cleave the C-propeptides of type I procollagen during the synthesis of extracellular matrix collagen fibrils. BMP-1 comprises a metalloproteinase domain, 3 CUB domains, and an EGF-like domain, which is located between the second and third CUB domains. It cleaves the C-terminal propeptides of procollagen I, II and III, induces cartilage and bone formation. It shows 7 alternative spliced forms and ubiquitously expressed.

BMP2 or BMP-2A, a 396aa protein in human (chr 20p12) belongs to the TGF-beta family, It is involved in cartilage and bone formation during embryogenesis, but may have additional functions in morphogenesis as implied by its expression in various organs and embryonic tissues. It is abundant in lung, spleen, and colon.

BMP3 / Osteogenin/ BMP-3A is a 472aa protein in human (chr 4p14-q21), highly expressed in lung, ovary and small intestine, Its function is involved in the cartilage and bone formation. BMP3 and BMP2 genes map to conserved regions between human and mouse.

BMP-3B / GDF-10, a 478aa protein in human (Chr 10q11.22), belongs to a group of proteins that can induce endochondral bone formation in adult animals, it is closely related in sequence to BMP3 with 44% homology. The amino acid sequences of human and rat BMP-3b precursor proteins are 83% similar, whereas the mature proteins show 98% identity. BMP-3B is mainly expressed in femur, brain, lung, pancreas and testis.

BMP4 / BMP-2B is a vital regulatory molecule that functions throughout development in mesoderm induction, tooth development, limb formation, bone induction, and fracture repair. In human it is expressed as 408aa protein (Chr 14q22) in lungs, kidney and is secreted in extracellular matrix.

BMP5, a 454aa protein mainly expressed in lungs and liver. (Chr 6). The Bmp5 gene is expressed at the earliest stages of skeletal development in small, local patterns that prefigure the shapes of future skeletal elements. Based upon a high degree of amino acid sequence homology, BMP5, BMP6, and BMP7 constitute a subfamily within the BMPs.

BMP6 or VGR1, a 57kD protein with 513aa in human (chr 6p24), Increased production of BMP6 is mediated by the skeletal effects of estrogen on bone and cartilage, BMP-6 differs from other members of the BMP family by its concentration in cartilage of the fetus.

BMP7 or OP1a 431-amino acid polypeptide that includes a secretory signal sequence, (Chr 20), expressed in kidney, bladder and brain. Incuces cartilage and bone formation may be the osteoinductive factor responsible for the phenomenon of epithelial osteogenesis. It plays a role in calcium regulation and bone homeostasis.

BMP13 / CDMP-2 / GDF-6, a cartilage derived morphogenetic protein with 436aa sequence with a 120aa polypeptide mature chain, exists as homodimer subunits linked with a disulphide bond. This cartilage derived morphogenetic protein (CDMP) is predominantly expressed in long bones during human embryonic development.

BMP14 / CDMP-1 / GDF-5, a 501aa precursor protein with a 121aa mature chain, (chr 20q11.2). It is predominantly expressed in long bones during embryonic development; it is involved in bone formation. Defects in GDF5/ CDMP-1 are a cause of Acromersomelic chondrodysplasia; this form of dwarfism is characterized by short forearms, hands and feet