M= Mouse; R=Rat; H=Human; Rb=Rabbit; G=goat; B=Bovine, MO=Monkey; P=pig; CT= near C-terminus; NT=near N-terminus; Internal=Middle of protein. EC=extracellular; CP=cytoplasmic domains *

Acrp30 (adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kDa)/AdipoQ/APM1/Adiponectin/Gelatin binding protein 28 kDa/GBP28 or adipocyte most abundant gene transcript, APM-1) Antibodies-General Information

Adipose tissue is the largest reservoir of fuel, storing energy in the form of rapidly utilizable triglycerides. Adipocytes synthesize and store energy in periods of nutritional abundance and mobilize lipids during starvation and other times of need. The switch from energy storage to expenditure is finely regulated by a variety of hormones. In order to accomplish these complex tasks energy balance, adipocytes express many genes involved in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. Some of the these genes include fatty acid synthase, fatty acid binding protein aP2, lipoprotein lipase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase, malic enzymes, glyceralduhyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glut-4, IGF-1, insulin receptors, TNF-a, the product of obese gene leptin, resistins, Adipsin, Acrp30, Uncoupling proteins (UCPs), PPARs, pref-1, among others. Many of these genes are finely regulated during adipocyte differentiation and maturation. Several adipocyte-derived proteins act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to control its own and other cell's cellular physiology.

Acrp30 (adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kDa), also known as AdipoQ, APM1, Adiponectin, Gelatin binding protein 28 kDa/GBP28 or adipocyte most abundant gene transcript, APM-1) was identified as a novel adipocyte-specific synthesized and secreted protein with structural resemblance to complement factor C1q. Like adipsin, Acrp30 secretion is induced ~10-fold during adipocyte differentiation. Plasma levels are reduced in obese humans, and low levels are associated with insulin-resistance. Treatment of db/db mice with TZD increased Acrp30 levels. Acrp30 (mouse/rat 247 aa, human 244 aa; chromosome 3q27) consists of a predicted NT-signal sequence 91-14 aa), followed by a 27-aa unique region, and then by 22 perfect Gly-X-Pro or Gly-X-X collagen like repeats, and a globular segment at the C-terminus. Structurally, but at the sequence level, Acrp30 resembles other collagen-like and globular domain proteins (lung surfactant protein and hepatocytes mannan-binding proteins). Acrp30 is proteolytically cleaved at 104 aa to generate the globular Acrp30 (gAcrp30). Administration of gAcrp30 into mice fed a diet high in fat and sugar caused substantial weight loss. A marked reduction in plasma triglycerides, glucose, and free fatty acids was attributed due in part to increased fatty acid oxidation by muscle. Full length Acrp30 was less potent than gAcrp30. Therefore, gAcrp30 may open new avenues to control obesity.