Angiotensin I, II, III

Angiotensin II Receptors (AT1 and AT2) antibodies

The enzyme renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I/hypertensin I, a decapeptide (DRV YIH PFH L). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) hydrolyzes the C-terminal dipeptide (His, Leu) to produce angiotensin II (DRV YIH PF). Angiotensin III (des-ASP1-Angiotensin II; RVY IHP F) is less potent than Angiotensin II. Angiotensin III induces the release of aldosterone and it inhibits degradation of enkephalins and potentiates analgesic activity of Met-enkephalin.

The renin-angiotensin cascade plays a critical role in maintaining the sodium-water balance, and in the control of blood pressure. Angiotensin II is a very potent vasoconstrictor substance and acts directly on the adrenal gland to stimulate the release of aldosterone. It may also control the secretion of vasopressin and ACTH. Inhibition of ACE is used therapeutically to control hypertension.

Angiotensin II, interacts with two types of G-protein coupled membrane receptors, AT1 (type 1) and AT2 (type 2). However, major cardiovascular effects appear to be mediated through AT1. AT1 has three isoforms (rat AT1A 359 aa; AT1B/AT III, 359 aa; and AT1C, 177 aa). Rat AT1 receptors are predicted to contain seven transmembrane domains. The N-terminus is predicted to be extracellular, while C-terminus inside the membrane (cytoplasmic). The binding of angiotensin II with AT1 receptors activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. AT1 receptors are expressed in the liver, kidney, aorta, lung, uterus, ovary, spleen, heart, adrenal and vascular smooth muscle. AT2 gene (chromosome x) encodes 363 aa protein. It is highly expressed in myometrium with lower levels in adrenal and fallopian tube. It is also expressed at high levels in fetal kidney and intestine.

ADI has produced rabbit-anti AT1 and AT2 antibodies using isotype specific peptide sequences. The appropriate control immunogenic peptide is also available to confirm specificity of antibodies.

Items	Antigen	Ab Host	*Expected Ab Cross reactivity	Neat Antiserum 100 ul Cat #	Affinity Pure 100 ug Cat #	Control Peptide 100 ug Cat #
rAT1 (Ab # 1)	10 aa, ~NT	rb	m, r, h, gp, b	AT11-S	AT11-A	AT11-P
rAT1 (Ab # 2)	10 aa, ~NT	ch	m, r, h, gp, b	AT12-S	-	AT12-P
rAT2 (Ab # 1)	18 aa, ~CT	rb	m, r, h	AT21-S	AT21-A	AT21-P
rAT2 (Ab # 2)	18 aa, ~CT	ch	m, r, h	AT22-S	-	AT22-P
rAT2 (Ab# 3)	10 aa, ~NT, EC	rb	m, r, h, p, rb	AT2-1A11-S	-	AT2-1A11-P
Control Rabbit IgG		For controls in ELISA, Western, or IHC.			20009-1 (mg)
Control Chicken IgG		For controls in ELISA, Western, or IHC			20010-1 (mg)

~CT=near C-terminus; ~NT=near N-terminus; m=mouse; r=rat; h=human; gp=guinea pig; b=bovine; rb=rabbit; ch=chicken.

"Neat Antisera" are the unpurified antiserum and it is suitable for ELISA and Western.
"Affinity pure" antibodies have been over the antigen-affinity column and recommended for immunohistochemical applications.
"Control peptides" can not be used for Western as they are very short peptides. They are intended for ELISA or antibody competition studies.

* Expected antibody crossreactivity information is mostly based upon high (>70%) sequence conservation of antigenic/control peptides in various species. When antibody crossreactivity has actually been experimentally confirmed in various species, it will be mentioned in the appropriate data sheets.

List of publications using ADI's Angiotensin Receptor Type (AT1) and AT2 Antibodies

AT1 Zeng C 2002 Hypertension, 41, 724-729 Angiotensin II Regulation of AT1 and D3 Dopamine Receptors in Renal Proximal Tubule Cells of SHR WB IP D3R from SC as well rat RPY cells.

AT1 Su J-Z 2002 Hypertension : 40, 853-858 Effect of AT2 Receptor on Expression of AT1 and TGF- Receptors in VSMCs from SHR WB AT1/2 transfected cells; says anti-mouse Mab.

AT1 Lee Jongun 2002 Pharmacological Research 46, 5, 383-387 Upregulation of Vascular Renin-Angiotensin and Endothelin system in Rats Inhibited of nitric oxide synthesis. WB rat thoracic aorta, aff pure 1:200.

AT1a Jin X-Q et al, 2002 Hypertension. 2002;39:1021-1027 Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Gene Transfer Downregulates Angiotensin II Type 1a Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells WB cultured VSMC cells.

AT1 Rodriguez-Iturbe, Bernardo, 2001 Kidney International Volume 59, Issue 6, Page 2222 Mycophenolate mofetil prevents salt-sensitive hypertension resulting from angiotensin II exposure IHC, rat kidney.

AT1 Hussain, T et al 1998 Hypertension 1998 32: 1054-1059 Bromocriptine Regulates Angiotensin II Response on Sodium Pump in Proximal Tubules WB, rat kidney.

AT2 Su J-Z 2002 Hypertension : 10000042-0 Nov in press Effect of AT2 Receptor on Expression of AT1 and TGF- Receptors in VSMCs from SHR WB AT1/2 transfected cells; says anti-mouse Mab.

AT2 Jin X-Q et al, 2002 Hypertension. 2002;39:1021 Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Gene Transfer Downregulates Angiotensin II Type 1a Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells WB cultured VSMC cells.

AT2 Rodríguez-Iturbe, Bernardo 2001 Kidney International Volume 59, Issue 6, Page 2222 Mycophenolate mofetil prevents salt-sensitive hypertension resulting from angiotensin II exposure IHC, rat kidney.

ATII type 1 Nadal JA et al 2002 Am. J. Physiol 282, H739-H748 Angiotensin II stimulates migration of retinal microvascular pericytes: involvement of TGF- and PDGF-BB WB, bovine retinal pericytes.

ATII type 2 Nadal JA et al 2002 Am. J. Physiol 282, H739-H748 Angiotensin II stimulates migration of retinal microvascular pericytes: involvement of TGF- and PDGF-BB WB, bovine retinal pericytes.