1 TIM circadian protein
Home Up Anti T TACE TR1 & TR2 TAU TRF1 ADP, TNK2 Tankyrase Telomerase/Est2 1 TIM circadian protein THTR1 THRx, fusion protein Thyroid Hydroxylase Thyroid Iodide Transporter, TIT Tie-1 & Tie-2 Topoisomerase DNA repair TP1/TLP1 TfR1 & Tfr 2 TRF-1 & 2 Tub homolog, Human 1/2 TULP1 é 2

 

 

 

Circadian Rhythm: Clock, Per1-3, dPer, Tim1, MOP3, and MOP4 Antibodies

 

Several endogenous factors have been linked to rhythmicity or circadian behavior of living organisms. In Drosophila, the genes period (dPer) and timeless (tim), and in Neurospora frequency (frq), have been proposed to be responsible for their circadian rhythm. Recently human and mouse genes encoding a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS)-domain with significant similarity to the Drosophila Period have been reported. The cDNA sequences of hPER and mPer1 (also named RIGUI) are predicted to encode for proteins of length 1290 and 1291 amino acids respectively. Homologues of mPer1 designated Per 2 (1257 aa) and Per3 (1113 aa) have also been cloned. mPer2 shows 40% homology with mPER1. Both Per1 and Per2 levels show circadian rhythm in the SCN and eyes. It has been suggested that mPer regulates neuronal activity in the SCN.

Using genetic approach, a single mutation (A to T) in the Clock gene affects circadian rhythmicity in mice. Clock has been mapped to chromosome 5. Mouse Clock encodes a transcription factor, single polypeptide chain of 855 aa (predicted calculated mol wt ~97 kDa; pI 6.52). The human homolog is 846 aa. It has significant homology with the mouse NPAS2,
particularly in serine-rich regions (427-454 aa, 83% identity) and glutamine-rich regions (515-569, 64% identity). The c-terminus of Clock (751-769) has a poly-glutmaine repeat that is a characteristic of many transcription factors. Clock is abundantly expressed in brain (SCN, pyrifom cortex, hippocampus) as well as in other tissues (eye, total brain, tested, ovaries, liver, heart, lung, and kidney). Although, Clock is constitutively expressed (not rhythmic) in the SCN, it may still be an important component of circadian machinery.

Basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS orphan protein, MOP3 (Members Of PAS Superfamily; also known as BMAL1/JAP3/PAS3; 626 aa) is a general dimerization partner for several PAS superfamily of transcription regulators. MOP3 interacts with MOP4 (also known as NPAS2; 626 aa), Clock, HIF1a, and HIF2a. MOP4 is a brain specific homolog of Clock.

Recently Drosophila homologs of mammalian TIM have been identified. Human Timeless 1 (hTIM1; 1208 aa, chromosome 12q12-13) and mouse TIM1 (1197 aa, chromosome 10D3) share 83% identity. Tim1 is weakly expressed in SCN, and in several peripheral tissues (eyes, spleen and testis). Unlike Drosophila, mouse Tim1 do not oscillate in the SCN or modulated by light exposure. Human TIM1 and mPER1 specifically inhibit CLOCK-BMAL1-induced transactivation of mPER1 promoter.

ADI has produced antibodies to various proteins involved in circadian mechanism using specific peptides. The appropriate control immunogenic peptides are also available to confirm specificity of antibodies.
 

 Items   Antigen peptide location  Antibody
Host		  Expected Ab Crossreactivity  Neat Antisera
Cat #
(100 ul)		  Aff. Pure Ab
Cat #
(100 ug)		 * Control
Peptide Cat#
(100 ug) 
 Per1 (Ab #1) M, 16 aa, I Rb h, m (r ?) PER11-S PER11-A PER11-P
Per1 (Ab #2) H, 20 aa, ~CT Rb h, m (r ?) PER12-S PER12-A PER12-P
 Per1 (Ab # 3)  M, 16 AA, I  Ch  H, M, (R?)  PER13-S    PER13-P
 Per2 (Ab #1) M, 20 aa, ~CT Rb m (h ?) PER21-S PER21-A PER21-P
 Per2 (ab # 2) H, 19 aa, ~NT G H   PER22-A PER22-P
 Per3 (Ab #1) M, 20 aa, ~CT Rb m (h ?) PER31-S PER31-A PER31-P
 Per3 (ab # 2)  H, 20 aa, ~CT Rb H PER32-S PER32-A PER32-P
 dPer (Ab# 1)  D, 21 aa, ~CT  Rb  D  PER14-S  PER14-A  PER14-P
 dPer (Ab# 2)  D, 21 aa, ~CT  Ch  D  PER15-S    PER15-P
Clock (Ab #1) M, 18 aa, I Rb h, m, (r?) CLO11-S CLO11-A CLO11-P
 hClock (Ab # 2)  H, 20 AA, ~CT  Rb  H, M, (R?)  CLO12-S  CLO12-A  CLO12-P
 dClock (Ab # 1)  D, 17 AA, ~CT  Rb  D  CLO13-S  CLO13-A  CLO13-P
 dBMAL (Ab # 1)  D, 22 AA, ~NT  Rb  D  BMALD11-S  BMALD11-A  BMALD11-P
 hMOP3 (Ab # 1)  h, 15 AA, ~CT  Rb  h, r,  MOP31-S  MOP31-A  MOP31-P
 hMOP3 (Ab # 2)  h, 15 AA, ~CT  Ch  h, r  MOP32-S    MOP32-P
 hMOP4 (Ab # 1)  h, 19 AA, ~I  Rb  h, m  MOP41-S MOP41-A  MOP41-P 
 hMOP4 (Ab # 1)  h, 19 AA, ~I  Ch  h, m  MOP42-S    MOP42-P
Tim1 h, 14 aa, ~CT
m, 14 aa, ~I		 Rb h, m, r TIM11/12-S  TIM11/12-A TIM11/12-P
 Control Rabbit IgG  For use in ELISA, Western, Immunohisto.  20009-1 (1 mg)  
 Control Chicken IgG  For use in ELISA, Western, Immunohisto.  20010-1 (1 mg)  


NT= near N-Terminus; CT=near C-terminus; I= internal; H=human; M=mouse; R=rat; Note: Antibodies that are available in Chicken and rabbits are made to the same peptide antigen.


"Neat Antisera" are the unpurified antiserum and it is suitable for ELISA and Western.
"Affinity pure" antibodies have been over the antigen-affinity column and recommended for immunohistochemical applications.
"Control peptides" can not be used for Western as they are very short peptides. They are intended for ELISA or antibody competition studies.